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de vlagging hans rottenhammerReproductie La Flagellatie Hans Rottenhammer Boeiende introductie In het rijke universum van de Renaissance schilderkunst onderscheidt "La Flagellation" van Hans Rottenhammer zich door zijn emotionele diepgang en stilistische verfijning. Dit werk, dat een moment van grote dramatische intensiteit afbeeldt, nodigt de kijker uit om onder te dompelen in een scne vol symboliek en spiritualiteit. De voorstelling van het lijden van Christus, omringd door
Reproductie La Flagellatie - Hans Rottenhammer – Boeiende introductie In het rijke universum van de Renaissance-schilderkunst onderscheidt "La Flagellation" van Hans Rottenhammer zich door zijn emotionele diepgang en stilistische verfijning. Dit werk, dat een moment van grote dramatische intensiteit afbeeldt, nodigt de kijker uit om onder te dompelen in een scène vol symboliek en spiritualiteit. De voorstelling van het lijden van Christus, omringd door figuren met uiteenlopende uitdrukkingen, roept reflectie op over pijn, geloof en verlossing. Via dit werk slaagt Rottenhammer erin de essentie van de menselijke conditie vast te leggen, terwijl hij een artistieke visie biedt van zeldzame schoonheid. Stijl en uniekheid van het werk De stijl van Rottenhammer wordt gekenmerkt door een uitzonderlijke beheersing van kleuren en details. In "La Flagellation" is elk element minutieus uitgewerkt, van de plooien van de kleding tot de uitdrukkingen van de gezichten. De contrasten tussen schaduw en licht creëren een bijna tastbare sfeer, waarin de dramatische spanning op zijn hoogtepunt is. De compositie, hoewel complex, blijft harmonieus en leidt de blik van de kijker door de scène met een opmerkelijke vloeiendheid. De figuren, hoewel verankerd in een tastbare realiteit, lijken ook de tijd te overstijgen, en roepen universele thema's op die nog steeds resoneren. Dit werk is niet alleen een getuigenis van de technische vaardigheid van de kunstenaar, maar ook een diepe verkenning van menselijke emoties. De kunstenaar en zijn invloed Hans Rottenhammer, actief aan het einde van de 16e eeuw, wordt vaak erkend als een van de meesters van de Duitse Renaissance-schilderkunst. Zijn stijl, beïnvloed door grote Italiaanse meesters zoals Raphael en Michelangelo, onderscheidt zich door een unieke aanpak die de strengheid van de tekening combineert met een palet van levendige kleuren. Rottenhammer slaagde erin elementen van de Italiaanse cultuur te integreren terwijl hij een Duitse gevoeligheid behield, wat hem in staat stelde een eigen artistieke identiteit te vormen. Zijn invloed reikte verder dan zijn tijd, en inspireerde vele kunstenaars die trachtten de complexiteit van de menselijke ervaring vast te leggen in hun werken. Door zijn werk te bestuderen, ontdekt men een rijke narratief en psychologische diepgang die nog steeds generaties hedendaagse kunstenaars blijven inspireren. Een uitzonderlijke muurschildering ondertekendShipping Notes
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Reviewed in the United States on May 14, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Exposing the Roots of Christian Nationalism
Format: eTextbook
Kevin M. Kruse’s One Nation Under God: How Corporate America Invented Christian America dismantles the enduring myth that the United States was founded as a “Christian nation.” Instead, Kruse demonstrates how this identity was deliberately constructed in the mid‑20th century as a political strategy. Beginning in the 1930s, business leaders alarmed by Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal sought to counter what they perceived as government “slavery.” To resist these reforms, they partnered with clergy and promoted the idea of “freedom under God,” blending economic resistance with religious appeal.
This alliance reached its zenith during Dwight Eisenhower’s presidency. Eisenhower expanded religion’s role in public life, inaugurating the National Prayer Breakfast, adding “under God” to the Pledge of Allegiance, and making “In God We Trust” the official national motto. These initiatives reshaped American identity, fueling a surge in church membership and embedding religious language into civic rituals. The phrase “one nation under God” became a widely accepted marker of patriotism, crossing political and denominational lines.
Kruse’s central argument is that Christian nationalism was not inherited from the Founders but deliberately cultivated by corporate and political interests in the 20th century. By exposing its origins, he reveals how this “invented tradition” continues to shape and divide American politics today.
C.S. Lewis, in The Screwtape Letters, anticipated this danger with remarkable clarity. He warned that the gravest temptation is not outright disbelief but the subtle corruption of faith—when Christianity is treated as a means to another end rather than as an end in itself. Lewis’s insight resonates with Kruse’s account: both show how faith can be co‑opted when believers confuse God’s kingdom with Caesar’s.
History is important, but it is equally important that we do not allow bad history to repeat—or even to rhyme—when each stanza leads us further from God. Kruse provides the historical scaffolding, Lewis the theological discernment. Together they invite us to vigilance: to name the temptations of Christian nationalism, to resist its allure, and to anchor our communities in the truth that God’s kingdom cannot be co‑opted by worldly power.
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Reviewed in the United States on December 16, 2025
★★★★★ 4
Even-handed History of America's Religious Roots
Format: eTextbook
One Nation Under God: How Corporate America Invented Christian America by Kevin Kruse
“One Nation Under God" is an even-handed book that makes the record clear on where America’s religious identity came from. Professor Kevin Kruse makes the compelling historical case that America’s religious identity had its roots in the domestic politics against Roosevelt’s New Deal of the 1930s and 1940s. This scholarly 386-page book includes eight chapters broken out into the following three parts: I. Creation, II. Consecration, and III. Conflict.
Positives:
1. Interesting and well-written book. Fair and respectful treatment.
2. A fascinating premise, how Corporate America invented a Christian America.
3. Kruse does not waste time in establishing his thesis for the book. “This book argues, the postwar revolution in America’s religious identity had its roots not in the foreign policy panic of the 1950s but rather in the domestic politics of the 1930s and early 1940s.”
4. The origins of the union of Christianity and capitalism. “At First Congregational and elsewhere, the minister reached out warmly to the wealthy, assuring them that their worldly success was a sign of God’s blessings and brushing off the criticism of clergymen who disagreed.”
5. The anti-New Deal movement. “For Fifield and his associates, the phrase “freedom under God”—in contrast with what they saw as oppression under the federal government—became an effective new rallying cry in the early 1950s.”
6. The role that Billy Graham played in American politics. “As the Washington crusade began in January 1952, Graham made clear his intent to influence national politics.”
7. It’s always interesting to read about the fathers of prominent politicians and religious leaders of today or recent past. See how many you find.
8. Political opportunism illustrated. “Vereide recognized that the tensions of the Cold War could be exploited to win more converts to his cause.”
9. A comprehensive look at the history of the National Day of Prayer. “In an apparent nod to the previous year’s “Freedom Under God” observance, which was set to be repeated in 1952, Truman selected the Fourth of July as the date for the first National Day of Prayer.”
10. Eisenhower unlikely role as the spiritual leader of a nation. “Eisenhower’s relationship with the Freedoms Foundation ran back to its founding. In his first meeting with Belding in September 1948, he discovered that the ad man shared his belief that the free enterprise system was in desperate need of defense.” “FOR EISENHOWER, THE “GOVERNMENT UNDER God” theme of the first prayer breakfast became a blueprint for his entire administration.”
11. Key stats that show the influence of religion and politics. “The decade and a half after the Second World War, however, saw a significant surge: the percentage claiming a church membership climbed to 57 percent in 1950 and then spiked to an all-time high of 69 percent at the end of the decade.”
12. The drive to declare the United States as one based on the Bible. In God We Trust. “In July 1953, the National Association of Evangelicals arranged to have Eisenhower, Nixon, and other high-ranking officials sign a statement declaring that the United States government was based on biblical principles.”
13. Interesting tidbits about our founding fathers. “The founding fathers had felt no need to acknowledge “the law and authority of Jesus Christ,” and neither had subsequent generations of American legislators.”
14. A comprehensive look at the history of the Pledge of Allegiance. “THE ORIGINAL PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE, much like the Constitution itself, did not acknowledge the existence of God. Its author, Francis Bellamy, a Baptist minister from Rome, New York, was a decidedly religious man, but when he wrote the pledge in the 1890s he described himself as something that would seem an oxymoron in Eisenhower’s America: a ‘Christian socialist’.”
15. Interesting history on the need to create an illusion of historical accuracy.
16. Separation of church and state. “The justice reached back to borrow a metaphor coined in a letter to his fellow Baptists in Danbury, Connecticut, two and a half centuries before. “In the words of Jefferson,” Black wrote, “the clause against establishment of religion by laws was intended to erect ‘a wall of separation between church and state.” “Religious liberty was essential, he told his wife, because “when one religion gets predominance, they immediately try to suppress the others.”
17. A look at the quest for school prayer amendment. The tactics used by both sides. “The issue is that agencies of government cannot avoid favoring one denomination and hurting another by the practical decisions that have to be made by government authority on what version of the Bible shall be imposed and what prayer. The churches know this and that is why they are against the Becker Amendment.”
18. Prayers at the White House. “In creating a “kind of sanctuary” in the East Room, Nixon committed the very sin the founders had sought to avoid.”
19. Republicans use of religion for political gain. “Much as Reagan used school prayer as a partisan issue, Bush used the pledge.”
20. An excellent epilogue.
21. Notes included. A section of abbreviations.
Negatives:
1. Interesting but on the dry side. The book is scholarly but the author lacks flare.
2. Lacks conviction. The book feels more like a cold report than an engaging thesis.
3. Charts and timelines would have added value.
4. No formal bibliography.
5. At $14.92 for a Kindle book when the Hardcover was available for $15.70 at time of purchase may hurt some trees.
In summary, this is really a 3.5 star book but I’m feeling generous. On the one hand, it’s an interesting topic that is covered in a fair and respectful manner while on the other hand it lacks panache. Kruse provides great insights into the evolution of the religious right and makes a compelling case of their true origins. A worthwhile book to read, I recommend it!
Further recommendations: “Why the Religious Right Is Wrong about Separation of Church and State” by Robert Boston, “Nonbeliever Nation” by David Niose, “The Dark Side of Christian History” by Helen Ellerbe, “Birth Control, Insurance Coverage, & the Religious Right” by A.F. Alexander, “The God Argument” by A.C. Grayling, “Freethinkers” by Susan Jacoby, “Moral Combat” by Sikivu Hutchinson, “Republican Gomorrah” by Max Blumenthal, “American Fascists” by Chris Hedges, “Doubt” by Jennifer Michael Hecht, and “Society Without God” by Phil Zuckerman.
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Reviewed in the United States on July 10, 2015
★★★★★ 5
A book from the real No Spin Zone
Format: eTextbook
Like so many others this book is about politics. What it is not - is another one of those research deficient screeds that are one percent fact and 99 percent fantasy pulled out of someone's behind. It is fully annotated, with references and a bibliography that is both impressive for its references and its sources. Every paragraph and every assertion is factcheckable. Names, dates and places are attached to the narrative leaving the debunkers little room to quibble.
It begins with the Election of DD Eisenhower in 1952 and describes, in an exhaustively researched narrative, how we have through the succeeding administrations erroneously come to believe that we are a Christian Nation instead of a Nation of Christians. The meticulousness of the references prevents it from being a page turner, but it is a fascinating read for those who believe the Conservatives have hijacked God and the Flag, but don't know how it happened. Kruse details the process and the players during the 63 years Americans have been turned from a more liberal secularism to a more conservative sectarianism.
Conservatives will not like the obvious conclusions to be drawn from "One Nation Under God", but they will find a lot to like in it. As I read certain passages I could almost hear them echoing, "THAT'S RIGHT" and "Of COURSE", not realizing they are affirming sectarianism and authoritarianism which are contrary to their reverently held Constitution. Liberals, who feel that the Conservatives have appropriated patriotism as their exclusive property, will find the facts to support their own Constitutional ideals.
I give it 5 stars for scholarliness, sticking to the facts, timeliness, historical veracity, and as a book that will become a valuable reference for future study.
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Reviewed in the United States on November 17, 2015
★★★★★ 5
One Nation Under God.....Divisible
Format: Hardcover
"How Corporate America invented Christian America" is a perfect subtitle to Kevin Kruse's excellent book, "One Nation Under God", for as the author discusses, this is what happened to our culture over the course of several decades. It's an eye-opener and he presents an offering full of depth and insight.
As Kruse reminds us in the epilogue, the source of America's becoming a "Christian" nation stems from the vitriol of those clergymen who opposed the New Deal. James Fifield and Abraham Vereide, two early proponents of this new America they sought, gave way to Billy Graham and Pat Robertson, who cemented the fact that God and the Republican party were joined at the hip.
A large part of the book deals with how U.S. presidents dealt with the issue. Dwight Eisenhower presided over the change in the Pledge of Allegiance to include, "One Nation under God" and that American currency now bore the phrase "In God We Trust". His chapters lay the necessary groundwork nicely for the two most revealing chapters, "Our So-Called Religious Leaders", which largely deal with efforts to pass a constitutional amendment requiring school prayer, and "Which Side Are You On?", an intense look at how shamelessly Richard Nixon and his administration publicy made God "their own".
While it is hard to imagine today the thousands of billboards and leaflets displayed in the manner that they were in the 1960s, the undercurrent of nastiness that exists to "promote" God remains. You can hear it in the Tea Party. What Kevin Kruse reminds us is that religion was, and still is, as divisive a force as any we have had in the past and have in America today.
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Reviewed in the United States on April 27, 2015